Stainless Steel – Grade 321 (UNS S32100)

Grades 321 and 347 are the basic austenitic 18/8 steel (Grade 304) stabilized by Titanium (321) or Niobium (347) additions. These grades are used because they are not sensitive to intergranular corrosion after heating within the carbide precipitation range of 425-850 °C. Grade 321 is the grade of choice for applications in the temperature range of up to about 900 °C, combining high strength, resistance to scaling and phase stability with resistance to subsequent aqueous corrosion.

Stainless Steel – Grade 321 (UNS S32100)

Grade 321H is a modification of 321 with higher carbon content, to provide improved high-temperature strength.

A limitation with 321 is that titanium does not transfer well across a high-temperature arc, so it is not recommended as a welding consumable. In this case grade 347 is preferred – the niobium performs the same carbide stabilization task but can be transferred across a welding arc. Grade 347 is, therefore, the standard consumable for welding 321. Grade 347 is only occasionally used as parent plate material.

Like other austenitic grades, 321 and 347 have excellent forming and welding characteristics, are readily brake or roll-formed and have outstanding welding characteristics. Post-weld annealing is not required. They also have excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures. Grade 321 does not polish well, so is not recommended for decorative applications.

Stainless Steel – Grade 321 (UNS S32100)

Grade 304L is more readily available in most product forms, and so is generally used in preference to 321 if the requirement is simply for resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding. However, 304L has lower hot strength than 321 and so is not the best choice if the requirement is resistance to an operating environment over about 500 °C.

Key Properties

These properties are specified for the flat-rolled products (plate, sheet, and coil) in ASTM A240/A240M. Similar but not necessarily identical properties are specified for other products such as pipe and bar in their respective specifications.

Composition

Stainless Steel – Grade 321 (UNS S32100)

Typical compositional ranges for grade 321 stainless sheets of steel are given in table 1.

Table 1. Composition ranges for 321-grade stainless steel

Mechanical Properties

Typical mechanical properties for grade 321 stainless sheets of steel are given in table 2.

Table 2. Mechanical properties of 321-grade stainless steel

Physical Properties

Typical physical properties for annealed grade 321 stainless sheets of steel are given in table 3.

Table 3. Physical properties of 321-grade stainless steel in the annealed condition

Grade Specification Comparison

Approximate grade comparisons for 321 stainless sheets of steel are given in table 4.

Table 4. Grade specifications for 321-grade stainless steel